Triple Booting XP, Vista, and Ubuntu Linux

CPU3D.com has a nice illustrated guide to setting up a PC which gives you the choice of booting into Windows XP, Vista, or Ubuntu Linux. It's also worth looking at if you only want to dual boot any two of these OSes.

Check it out here.

{H/T PEN}

Apple Purchases CUPS

Not drinking vessels, the Common UNIX Printing System. Notice here. CUPS will remain open source software.

Apple has been using CUPS as the printing engine in OS X for several years and has been widely adopted on Linux as a replacement for LPD. It's worked well on OS X in my experience. When I've used CUPS on Linux my experience hasn't been so good. Depending upon the printer, it either works or it doesn't, or it may work for awhile then not work, for no apparent reason. I'm hoping that Apple's purchase will improve CUPS's utility.

{H/T MacRumors}

New Hit Counter

It appears that I'm able to enter a title for my posts once again.

Anyway, this morning I decided to migrate from Sitemeter to Statcounter for my hit counter. I've been using it on a couple of other sites and like it better. I prefer the interface and the format in which statistics are presented when I login to the account. Basic accounts with either are free so if you have a website and need a hit counter, it's worthwhile to look at both of them and choose the one you like best.

Wolff Gunsprings is Good People

Via Arfcom, I'm going to copy this in toto, since it'll eventually go into the site's archives:

I ordered some mag springs to be sent to Iraq. The nephew of a high school classmate is very involved (as a captain) in training the Iraqi police. After an email exchange, he asked me if I could do something to help, so I got on the internet and ordered the pack of 10 springs (its a start) from Wolff. $47.99 plus shipping. Anyway, the VP of the company emailed me back and said thanks for helping out in Iraq. He has a son that recently returned from Iraq and ran into the same problems with his M9. The VP of Wolff reduced the cost of the magazines from retail to a LE account (like 25% off my credit card) and said they would ship today!!

Buy Wolff Springs I say.

Here is the email....

Dear Mr. XXXXX,

Thank you for your order. We will process the order and ship the Beretta mag springs out today via USPS priority mail. We set the account up as a law enforcement account which reduces the price of the mag springs from $47.99 to $31.99.

We have been supplying our extra power Beretta mag springs to our military in OIF since we entered Iraq and this is not an uncommon request. The standard Beretta mag spring begins to have problems as it encounters the fine sand and grit in the area. Our +10% extra power springs overcome that additional friction making the pistol functional. My son was also an MP (Air Force) and he too used our Beretta mag springs in his M9 during his four deployments to Iraq .

On a personal note, as the father of a son who has been deployed to Iraq , I commended and thank you for your efforts and support or our troops. Our guys are doing a terrific job under very difficult and extremely dangerous situations. They need all the support as well as prayers that we can offer.

Kind Regards,
John Andrews
VP
Wolff Gunsprings

web-orders@gunsprings.com

I've ordered from Wolff in the past and gotten great products and service.

(Something is wonky with Blogger. It's not letting me add a title to my posts. I've tried Firefox, Safari, and IE6 under XP. Gahhh.)

Edit: As of 7/11/07 Blogger fixed it.

Mini Vacation

Last week I took advantage of the fact that Wednesday was a company holiday by blowing off work on Thursday and Friday to get a long weekend. It was a nice, refreshing break.

It rained cats and dogs, but we still barbecued on the Fourth. I was able to get the food cooked during a lull in the rain.

Thursday the weather was mixded, some sun, some rain, so I took a trip up to Dixon's Muzzleloading Shop in Kempton, and then Cabela's in Hamburg. I managed to keep my credit cards in my wallet but I did pick up a new ramrod along with some tips at Dixon's for my M1717 French musket. At Cabela's I got a spare mag for my Savage 93GL, a hooded zip-up sweatshirt for the Fall, and one or two other items.

The weather finally cleared up on Friday, although the temps were in the low 90s. I hit the range along with my pseudonymous friends GeekWithA.45, Egregious Charles, and Argentium G. Tiger. Geek is supposed to post a range report so I'll just cover what I shot.

We went to the Geek's club where thankfully, the firing points are covered, so we didn't have to shoot in the sun.

We met at the Geek's house and took my Expedition down to the range. Between the four of us we had enough guns and gear to fill the cargo area up to just past the top of the rear bench seat. Geek took a picture but I don't have a copy yet, but it was pretty impressive looking.

Anyway, I finally got to shoot the aforementioned M1717 musket. I bought it last Fall at Dixon's. It was made in India and imported by Middlesex Village Trading Company.

I shot the musket at 25 yards using a load of 80 grains of FFg GOEX, a cast .662" ball, and a .015" thick cotton patch by Ox Yoke. I used Ox Yoke Wonder Lube (same thing as T/C Bore Butter) to lube the patches. The balls was pretty snug, so I'm going to try either a smaller ball or thinner patching.

I fired around 15 shots, getting no misifires or hangfires. The Indian-made lock sparks really well and the touch hole is placed exactly where it's supposed to be, just above the level of the pan. Ignition of the main charge is quick.

My group was about 6" at 25 yards offhand. That sounds horrible but considering that (a) the musket has no rear sight, only a bayonet mounting lug that doubles as a front sight, and (b) the trigger pull is close to 20 lbs., I'm not complaining. The group was centered a little to the left and below my point of aim. I need to get the trigger pull reduced considerably, which I'm sure will help my groups. I also need to do some load development, as the gun may group better with a different combination of powder charge, patch, or ball.

After finishing on the pistol range we headed to the 100 yard rifle range. I brought along my Colt AR-15A3 Tactical Carbine with its new IOR Valdada 3x32mm CQB scope. I'm happy with the combination.

Since I'd previously laser boresighted the scope at about 25 yards, I was already on the SR-1 target at 100, but about 6" high and 6" left. It was short work to get the scope zeroed. I ran 120 rounds of Federal American Eagle 55 grain FMJBT and 40 rounds of Wolf 55 grain JHP through the gun with zero malfunctions. I used two DSG Arms black Teflon-coated 30 rounders (made by D&H), 1 pre-ban Simmonds 20 round, and 1 pre-ban Adventurline 20 round mag.

I was pleased to see the gun run OK with the Wolf ammo. Compared to the American Eagle, it was quite a bit underloaded, impacting the target about 5" low at 100 yards. The last time I shot Wolf in the Colt was shortly after I got it in 2004, and I got several bolt-over-base failures to feed. It may have been due to the mag I used that day, or it may have been that the rifle needed to be broken in a bit. In any event, it looks like I'll be able to use cheap Wolf for practice now. Wolf .223 ammo is underloaded and the bullets don't fragment, so it would be low on my list of potential SHTF ammo, but it's fine for practice.

By the way, I don't buy into the "Wolf will break your extractor" thing. Even if it does, the difference in the cost of a case of Wolf and a case of American Eagle pays for many replacement extractors. I've seen worse brass cased ammo, e.g., Olympic.

After we finished shooting we retired to Geek's house where GeeketteWithA9 had marinated some steaks for us to BBQ when we got back.

The rest of the weekend wasn't as loud. {grin} Saturday we had a birthday party for Amanda, who turned three on Friday. Yesterday I grilled up some sirloins and salmon steaks to wrap up the weekend.

Independence Day

IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776
The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America

When in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security. — Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.

He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.

He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.

He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.

He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their Public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.

He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.

He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected, whereby the Legislative Powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.

He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.

He has obstructed the Administration of Justice by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary Powers.

He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.

He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our people and eat out their substance.

He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.

He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil Power.

He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:

For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:

For protecting them, by a mock Trial from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:

For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:

For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:

For depriving us in many cases, of the benefit of Trial by Jury:

For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences:

For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies

For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:

For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.

He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.

He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & Perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.

He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.

He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.

In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.

Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.

We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these united Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States, that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. — And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.

— John Hancock

New Hampshire:
Josiah Bartlett, William Whipple, Matthew Thornton

Massachusetts:
John Hancock, Samuel Adams, John Adams, Robert Treat Paine, Elbridge Gerry

Rhode Island:
Stephen Hopkins, William Ellery

Connecticut:
Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, William Williams, Oliver Wolcott

New York:
William Floyd, Philip Livingston, Francis Lewis, Lewis Morris

New Jersey:
Richard Stockton, John Witherspoon, Francis Hopkinson, John Hart, Abraham Clark

Pennsylvania:
Robert Morris, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, John Morton, George Clymer, James Smith, George Taylor, James Wilson, George Ross

Delaware:
Caesar Rodney, George Read, Thomas McKean

Maryland:
Samuel Chase, William Paca, Thomas Stone, Charles Carroll of Carrollton

Virginia:
George Wythe, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Nelson, Jr., Francis Lightfoot Lee, Carter Braxton

North Carolina:
William Hooper, Joseph Hewes, John Penn

South Carolina:
Edward Rutledge, Thomas Heyward, Jr., Thomas Lynch, Jr., Arthur Middleton

Georgia:
Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton

Parallels Desktop with Mac OS 10.4.10

I upgraded my MacBook Pro to OS 10.4.10 the other day and discovered today that .10 breaks USB support in Parallels Desktop for Mac 2.5. I was running PD Build 3188, apparently Build 3212 is also affected. I found this when I tried to use my Sprint Blackberry 8703e as an EVDO modem for wireless Internet access.

The symptom is an error message that appears when you connect a USB device, stating that the device is already in use by another application, to disconnect it and retry. Doing so does not get rid of the error.

Parallels has released a fix. You need to upgrade to Build 3124. To do so, either check for an update from within Parallels by going to the Help menu and using the update feature, or download the disk image HERE.

There is a thread on the Parallels discussion forums discussing the topic HERE.

Senate Immigration Bill KILLED

For now, anyway.

All the Senators who voted in favor of it need to be kicked out the next time they come up for election.

Illegal Immigration

I haven't weighed in on this issue, but today's Senate vote reaching cloture on the illegal immigration amnesty plan -- "reform" my ass -- really got me P.O.'d. Bush and the Senate are well aware of the American People's opposition to this plan, but they're ramming it through anyway.

More out of frustration than expecting that it'll make a difference, I sent the following to my Senatards and Representative:

As one of your constituents, I am writing to express my total opposition to the illegal alien amnesty bill currently going through the Senate. This bill, or ANY form of amnesty for illegal aliens, is completely unacceptable.

The Federal government needs to do two basic things to get a handle on illegal immigration:

1. Secure the border. Statements that we cannot do so are BALONEY. Failure to secure the nation's borders in a time when we face threats from terrorists is flat out dereliction of duty.

2. Enforce existing immigration laws and penalize businesses which hire illegal immigrants.

Amnesty plans for illegals are opposed by the VAST majority of American citizens. Those politicians pushing amnesty are violating their oathes of office and acting against the wishes and best interests of their constituents.

I am in favor of LEGAL immigration which allows people into the country who can make positive contributions to American society. We should not reward illegal immigrants, who by definition, are CRIMINALS.

As an elected official, you took an oath to uphold and defend the Constitution and the United States. Please do so.

Sincerely,
David S. Markowitz

If amnesty for illegals passes, whatever respect that the American People hold for the Federal government will evaporate. I fear that Americans will see the Federal government as having broken the social contract, with dire results for the Republic.

IOR Valdada 3x25mm CQB Scope

I posted recently about the Hakko 4x21 scope I have mounted on my Colt AR-15A3 Tactical Carbine. In that post I mentioned that I was considering replacing it with a Trijicon ACOG, in order to get a truly SHTF-worthy piece of glass. Well, I did get a new scope, but not an ACOG.

Two factors militated against the purchase of an ACOG. First was the price. The cheapest I'd be able to get a new TA-11F ACOG would be about $950 plus-or-minus. That's a lot of dough. Second, the ACOGs have short eye relief. The TA-11F has only 2.5" inches of eye relief. I wanted something with a bit more, because I wear glasses, and in case I can't quite get the rifle mounted properly.

After much research I purchased an IOR Valdada 3x25mm CQB scope from MidwayUSA. (If you were wondering why they're backordered at Midway, I got the last one. Heh.) The Big Brown Truck dropped it off yesterday and my first impressions are quite favorable.

IOR Valdada is a Romanian company which has been making scopes and binoculars since the 1930s. They use German-made Schott glass, which is very good.

The lenses are multi-coated to reduce glare, and the scope itself is sealed and filled with nitrogen. This should prevent any interior fogging.

The IOR scope is compact but weighs in at about a pound. It feels very solid. The adjustment clicks for windage and elevation are well-defined. The glass is very clear, definitely better than the Hakko's. The IOR CQB reticle is interesting and incorporates ranging features. The center dot subtends 2 minutes of angle (MOA, about 2" at 100 yards), so it'll be more precise than the ~4 MOA dot in the Hakko.

The scope's reticle is etched on glass and can be illuminated using a battery powered built-in light, which uses CR2032 lithium coin cells. Without illum, the reticle is black. When illuminated, it's red, except for the horseshoe-shaped thingy in the reticle, which remains black.

The scope has a removable Picatinny rail sleeve around the objective lens side, intended for mounting a backup red dot sight, a laser, or a light. I have no plans to use the rails, but intend to leave the sleeve on as protection for the main body of the scope. The scope itself mounts to a Picatinny rail using a built-in mount secured by two captive nuts. This is not a quick-release design. The scope feels very rugged, but in the hopefully unlikely event that it goes TU, I'll need pliers or a wrench to remove it so I can use a back up iron sight (which I need to acquire).

I mounted the IOR on my Colt last night, then bore sighted it at about 25 - 30 yards using a laser boresighter. (A toy house in my backyard stood in for a target.) Final zeroing will of course require actual shooting but this should get me pretty close.

In my post about the Hakko I referred to it as soft of a poor man's ACOG. The IOR doesn't quite fall into that category, since it retails for about $600. However, that's still A LOT cheaper than an ACOG.

I will post a follow up once I get the scope out to the range, which won't be for a couple of weeks.

Safari 3.0b Instabilities

Since my last post I wound up changing back to Firefox 2 as my default browser. Safari 3.0b works fine for most pages, with notable exceptions being Blogger and several pages which use Javascript. For example, when I clicked on the Haloscan comments link to one of GeekWithA.45's posts, Safari crashed. I repeated this on a few other pages. Because so many sites rely on Javascript for functionality this is a show-stopper for me.

Hopefully by the time that Safari 3.0 is out of beta this problem will be fixed. I like its speed and integration with other Apple applications. E.g., in Safari you can right-click on a photo on a web page and select "Add to iPhoto library," which is pretty slick.

In the interim, I'll stick with Firefox.

Safari 3.0b and Blogger

Last week after installing the Safari 3.0b I noted that it's now working with Blogger. Hmm, not quite. It's almost there but I've noticed that when I try to paste a block of text into the Blogger composition box, the text actually appears on the page below the box. Also, this morning when I wrote my last post about IE vulnerabilities, I noticed that it wasn't handling carriage returns properly, resulting in some screwed up formatting when I looked at the post in the Preview screen. I therefore had to fix it in Firefox.

I'm not quite ready to go back to Firefox because so far Safari 3.0b has otherwise been very good, and I'd like to continue evaluating it.

A Couple of Windows Vulnerabilities

Today I ran across two Windows vulnerabilities. The first is important, but not especially surprising. The second is amazing.

First, via the Register, a strange spoofing vulnerabilty in Internet Explorer. This one is a bit scary with regards how it seems to spoof access to sites like Paypal and eBay.

Second, found via Slashdot, is a posting in the Ubuntu forum describing how an Ubuntu user running Internet Explorer under IE4WIN validated his PC through Windows Genuine Advantage, so he could download Windows Defender on his Linux box (presumably to then install it on a Windows PC). Yes, WGA validated a Linux box as a legitimate Windows installation! If this isn't a hoax it is further proof that WGA is terribly flawed.

The poster recorded the process to video which you can watch using a player that can handle .ogg files. I use VideoLAN, which runs on Windows, OS X, Linux, and *BSD.

I sent both of these to the Daynotes Backchannel list, so hopefully we'll get some meaningful discussions going on the various Daynoters' sites.

Why Giuliani should never be in the Oval Office

... or any other position of public trust, for that matter:

What we don't see is that freedom is not a concept in which people can do anything they want, be anything they can be. Freedom is about authority. Freedom is about the willingness of every single human being to cede to lawful authority a great deal of discretion about what you do.

[ Interruption by someone in the audience. ]

You have free speech so I can be heard.

(Emphasis added.)

Source. This is an excerpt from a speech about crime made by Giuliani in 1994.

Authoritarians like him should have no place in our government.

Fred Thompson is blogging

Check it out.

Safari 3.0 Beta

One of the more interesting announcements from today's Apple WWDC was the introduction of Safari 3.0 Beta.  Normally, a new version of a Mac browser wouldn't be all that interesting for most folks, but this is different.  Safari 3.0b is also available for Windows XP and Vista!  There will no doubt be a lot of speculation as to why Apple decided to jump into the Windows browser market, but I wouldn't be surprised if it's at least partially related to the upcoming iPhone release, which will use Safari as its browser.

I installed 3.0b on my MacBook Pro.  So far, so good.  It's very fast and now appears to work with Blogger (finally!).  It's still beta so I'm expecting bugs, but my first impression is favorable.

Hakko 4x21 Scope Revisited

I've mentioned in the past that I have a Hakko 4x21 Electro Point scope on my Colt AR15-A3 Tactical Carbine. I finally took a couple of pictures worth sharing.

First, a full length glamour shot (click thumbnails for bigger image):



Next, a closeup, showing the flat top adapter I got from Cope's Distributing. The thumb-nut supplied with the adapter did not fit the Hakko's mounting bolt. However, a 1/4x20 locknut from Lowe's fits perfectly. It's probably more secure anyway.


Hakko was Colt's OEM for their 3x20 and 4x20 carry handle mount scopes of the 60s - 80s. These old scopes aren't as good as more modern optics, like Trijicon ACOGs, but they are superior to iron sights for precise shooting (if not as rugged). There is a slew of cheap clones available, but unless you buy a Colt or a Hakko you're wasting your money. CDNN currently has the non-illuminated and illuminated (as pictured above) versions in stock.

I am considering dropping the dough for an ACOG, since my Colt's primary role is as a defensive rifle, and the ACOG's optics are better, and they are more rugged. That said, this setup works well and can be thought of as a "poor man's ACOG." This rig using Federal American Eagle 55 grain FMJBT ammo and it'll put most of them into the black on an SR-1 target at 200 yards. Since the center dot in the scope's reticle fully occludes the bull at 200, that ain't half bad IMHO.

More Updates to The Shooter's Bar(SM)

I added Lew Weiner of California and Richmond McCluer, Jr. of Minnesota to The Shooter's Bar.

I'm With Fred

You may have also noticed the new links to I'm With Fred, Fred Thompson's new site for his incipient presidential campaign. Yes, I'm supporting him. The current crop of officially-declared Republican candidates don't include anyone I can support. Thompson should be formally entering the race soon. It's been evident for awhile that he's running. Imwithfred.com is another step in that direction.

Here is a site showing his voting record in the Senate.

On a side note, as you can see, I played around with this site's color scheme. It should be a bit easier to read now.

Updates to The Shooter's Bar(SM)

Today I updated The Shooter's Bar(SM) entry for David Gross, and added Steven K. Marden, both of Minnesota.